Set of all possible elementary outcomes of a trial.? Textbook ref- erences refer to Moore’s The Active Practice of Statistics. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. —Karl Pearson I know too well that these arguments from probabilities are imposters, and unless great caution is observed in the use of them, they are apt to be deceptive. Indeed, one could learn statistics from scratch using this material alone, although those trying to do so may find the presentation somewhat compact, requiring slow and careful reading and thought as one goes along. Introductory Statistics Notes Jamie DeCoster Department of Psychology University of Alabama 348 Gordon Palmer Hall Box 870348 Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0348 Phone: (205) 348-4431 Fax: (205) 348-8648 August 1, 1998 These were compiled from Jamie DeCoster’s introductory statistics class at Purdue University. Basic Probability 1.1 Basic De nitions Trials? Probability is concerned with the outcome of tri-als.? Tutorial 1: Review of Basic Statistics While we assume that readers will have had at least one prior course in statistics, it may be helpful for some to have a review of some basic concepts, if only to familiarize themselves with the notation that will be used in the current book. Not all distinct, such as, for example aaabbc: 6! Sample Space (S)? If the trial consists of ipping a coin twice, the Trials refers to an event whose outcome is un-known. Trials are also called experiments or observa-tions (multiple trials).? A Review of Basic 1 Statistical Concepts The record of a month’s roulette playing at Monte Carlo can afford us material for discussing the foundations of knowledge. 1.2 MEANING AND DEFINITIONS OF STATISTICS In the beginning, it may be noted that the word ‘statistics’ is used rather curiously in two senses plural and singular. In the plural sense, it refers to a set of figures or data. rolled in basic courses in statistics and, as well, for people who have studied statistics some time ago and need a review of what they are supposed to have learned. 7 Chapter 1 PROBABILITY REVIEW Basic Combinatorics Number of permutations of ndistinct objects: n!