In other places Harican (Kerosine lantern) lamps can be information from Central Duck Breeding Farm, Narayanganj). However, the following also a good species. fertilization of agricultural land and fish pond - the crops and plants provide They cannot grasp the slats located on the dike, a ramp is required for easy access. It thus appears that the different sub-systems Waste Duck can collect considerable part of their nutrient requirements from However, prices of different sizes of ducks Sugar cane, corn and bananas are some of the other crops grown in association with fish farms. eggs. satisfactory enough to ensure good fish yield. The loss elements viz. quality (Urine comprising about 40% by weight of the total waste excretion per duck is used just for family consumption. fish. a health risk greater than that of fish caught from natural waters. If layer chicken are integrated with fish farming, the use of laying nests Ducks The fish cultivated and the general farming practices are amenable to easy integration, The grass carp feeds on grass and other vegetable matter which can be grown on the dikes and adjacent agricultural land. Secondly, the overall income is increased by adding pig and/or poultry raising, grain and vegetable farming, etc., which supplement the income from fish farming. In most cases of integrated culture system the waste output from livestock 168. of organic over-loading is high from the poultry sub-system and that may cause In Bangladesh, suitable feed mixtures had been worked out which 21 Chickens raised in association with fish and pigs in Chang Tung People's Commune near Shanghai. depths is essential even during the summer season. biomass reaches the critical standing crop (the point when the food requirements collecting, storing, and transporting manure are eliminated and the potential Poultry varieties recommended for integration with fish culture. Table 3.2 Recommended fish species combinations and stocking in a typical 3.3). ducks in ponds at relatively low densities, the protein content of supplementary enough natural fish feed organisms without the use of any additional Lack of in Bangladesh. should be fed to the birds. supported by the concept of an all-round 'development of agriculture, animal The birds should be formats (Page 22–26) but the final economic evaluation should be prepared act as manure and feed for fish as well as can be used as manure for crop Urine contains Most of the ponds in Bangladesh are built for serving various social functions Ducks prefer wet mash due to the difficulties in swallowing dry mash. Fish-cum-duck rearing is another potential farming system for Bangladesh. INTEGRATED FARMING OF FISH, CROP AND LIVESTOCK, 6.2 Basis husbandry, fisheries and other sideline occupations. be a workable pattern of an integrated system. area. chicken sitting on the bars can protect itself from the cold by closing around which are important for keeping the duck raising profitable. It is more hygienic and should be made. as manure and that only 50–60% of the manure goes into the pond water if the continuous illumination. store in a container or a pit, covered with polyethylene or mud; try to store animal wastes in a cool place to avoid high temperature. gather some of their food from the pond, simpler and Layer hybrids While designing the fish sub-system, both fish production conditions as well as To extend the life In rural area 20% less. production. The chicken should be allowed to graze for one hour a day in the such as raising foundations for houses, bathing, washing, cooking and even for Recommended feed formula for layer and broiler chicken. The study group was told that the profit from fish culture is often increased 30-40 percent as a result of integration. is necessary from the time the layers are 150 – 160 days old. The production of sugar-cane leaves is estimated to be up to 12 000 jin per mu of land. The waste recycling is the key feature of the system, and preventing the ducks from getting wet. with their feet and their feet are very sensitive to damage. Special care should be taken to prevent feed sticking to the Intensive raising, in which the ducks are kept at a high density in closed Cement floor may Climate in the rainy season remains too hot and humid causing discomfort to the water proof its feathers. fish, crop and livestock are linked to each other in Selection and stocking rate of fish species, The selected species should be compatible with each other, The species and their combination ratio should be adjusted according to decreasing and even may reach zero mark. from the time the birds are 150 days old. The basic management practices in integrated fish pond are more or less similar phase of fish rearing the biomass of fish is not big enough for full utilization Integrated Farming of Fish and Livestock:Mixed farming of both fishes and livestock like ducks, poultry, cattle, sheep’s, buffalo, rabbits under one roof is called integrated farming. Therefore, some technical points are detailed poultry farming is economically viable. apparently do not like wire floors, unlike chicken. The ducks are given free range For semi-intensive duck farming systems, the following mixed feed for grower and Later the poultry waste management. level, the eggs production rate is not that good. fertilizer to the crop land. Simple home made feeders and self-drinkers are suggested for use. to acclimatize them. Any pond that retain 2–3 m water can be considered as suitable. Chicken meat (broiler) production in selected places, Monthly Poultry Management Expenditure Record. No supplementary feed is needed for the fish. ducks in fish pond has several advantages. However, the study group does not believe that the Chinese system can be transplanted as such to other countries. nutrient value and which act as manure and fish feed. A higher level Integrated pig- fish farming is a highly profitable fish culture system, where pigs are reared adjacent to the fish ponds, preferably on the pond embankment from where pig urine, excreta and spilled pig feeds are introduced into the pond water. The house should be built at the most wind protected side of the pond. b. Dislike using animal wastes in fish ponds. nothing can be done except maximizing the natural ventilation. Size of the house depends on the number of birds to be kept - normally The allocation of land and water for fish, crops and livestock varies. This suggests that the The production of freshwater pearls in fish ponds provides one more additional source of income. period is about one year. programme is recommended. constructed over the pond water or on the dyke. Intensive production of broiler meat and egg is now common in many parts of the as feed for livestock. Fish pond silt is an excellent fertilizer for land crops and is commonly used by farmers. The silkworm pupae and other wastes are used to feed the fish. X Rhode Island Red), Colour is white, growth:1.4–1.6 kg under * Year around price in Dhaka and Chittagong. source of fertilizers for the crop land. diseases. from the pond. Pond preparation, daily routines, sampling, harvesting, and health care are same egg layer type ducks should be selected for the purpose. saw dust or rice husk. days if they are kept locked in a small wire case. If the farmer want to keep the birds on the pond they should be prevented from From the limited experience in some other countries also, it appears that the introduction of integrated farming can play a major role in rural development in developing countries. Table 3.2. Thirdly, by producing grain, vegetables, fish and livestock products, the community becomes self-sufficient in regard to food and this contributes to a high degree of self-reliance. diversified farming activities with optimum utilization of available land space of nitrogen is substantial. manure or effluent. Following are some of the additional advantages when fish culture is integrated purposes. Generally 70–80 duck/bigha Otherwise, frequent repair and maintenance will cost more. To help calculate the net profit of the system a sample (format-8) is shown as The larger the fish, the more absolute amounts of food is required in order to If the walls are built with wire mesh and supporting bamboo stick, the lower one Integrated fish farming system is a mixed type of farming. Weight of the eggs vary between 60 and 70g. be 4–5 ft. The species should be able to tolerate low oxygen levels and high organic