The aim of this last article in the online publication Tourism trips of Europeans is mainly to briefly outline the potential offered by using partner countries' data to produce previously unavailable information, rather than to draw a comprehensive picture of inbound tourism. In Bulgaria the share of these two months was 45 % while in Greece, more than two out of three inbound trips were made during the summer season, but were more evenly spread throughout the four months, June to September (see Figure 6). !bc*�@����;:�O�q@N*)I�@\�;e]:���tkXNb}�� H �9�U1��0���Ġ :�!HA20HC�� ���e�)�K%�.��"�b�IJ This article is part of the Eurostat online publication Tourism trips of Europeans, providing recent statistics on tourism demand in the European Union (EU) and EFTA countries. Collection of annual data on trips of EU residents. In spite of such results, tourism industry is a field within only a few numbers of French economists are working. Cruise ships in the Baltic sea were one of the most frequently reported attractions for European tourists to Estonia (42 %), Finland (38 %) and Sweden (28 %). Across the EU, the significance of rented and non-rented accommodation for inbound visitors was quite contrasting, with the share of rented accommodation ranging from 93 % in Cyprus to 40 % in Romania (see Figure 5). Data on type of destination is transmitted to Eurostat every three years. 122 0 obj <> endobj %%EOF Cities were reported as an attraction for more than four out of five holiday trips to Estonia (86 %) and Czechia (84 %). The collection consists of harmonised data collected by the Member States in the frame of the Regulation (EU) No 692/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning European statistics on tourism. According to the gravity model approach, tourism flows are proportional to the economic size of the origin and destination areas and to trading facilitators (in our case, non-stop flights), while they decay with distance (Khadaroo and Seetanah, 2007, Massidda et al., 2015, Morley et al., 2014). The methodological approach is based on the simple fact that an outbound flow for one country represents an inbound flow for the country visited. 136 0 obj <>stream Seaside attracted European tourists for more that three out of four of their holiday trips to Croatia (88 %), Bulgaria (85 %), Greece (80 %), Cyprus (79 %) and Malta (77 %). Looking at trips for personal purposes and at the features of the destination that attracted tourists, city tourism was reported as one of the attractions for 44 % of intra-EU personal trips of Europeans in 2016, followed by seaside which was a relevant feature for 41 % of the trips, countryside (24 %) and mountains (20 %) (see Table 3) (see chapter "Data sources). From the diagram it can be seen that in‐migration in turn determines the … %PDF-1.7 %���� model approach (the ATTREG ... mobility flows for the NUTS‐2 region can be explained with differences in territorial assets with ... higher the rank of airport etc. In order to address the problem, Smeral, Witt and Witt (1992) and Akis (1998) are using a model with two explicative variables, such as the national income and relative prices. The empirical results provide evidence supporting the gravity model in terms of applicability and robustness to the flow of trade and tourism. These were also the countries with the highest shares of inbound trips with waterway as main mode of transport. In three countries, the share of inbound trips made by motor vehicle was more than 70 %: Slovakia (76 %), Luxembourg (75 %) and Austria (73 %). Seasonality of inbound trips by visitors coming from other EU countries was particularly high in Croatia, where more than half of all inbound trips (51.4 %) took place during the two core summer months, July and August. Until recently, the main source for European statistics on inbound tourism was statistics on arrivals and nights spent by non-residents at tourist accommodation establishments. Europeans stayed on average 1 week when visiting other EU countries in 2018. �"� For this variable, multiple answer possibilities are allowed. the higher the in‐migration and the higher the tourism flows. Europeans travelling to another EU country spent on average €725 per trip in 2018. @R�`�f2�4 The EU is a major tourist destination, with four Member States (France, Spain, Italy and Germany) among the world’s top ten destinations for holidaymakers, according to UNWTO[1] data. :!����x��\��F�K2�s���_�~�lj顣���B3C�/�~d9�x�Q�a��Ѐ0���9;o���8���Ν]��f20H.x&�l���\ The scope of observation for data on tourism trips are all tourism trips with at least one overnight stay, made by the resident population aged 15 and over. For instance, the relative price (and distance) to reach Greece will motivate tourists to stay longer, while the proximity and accessibility (short ferry ride) of Estonia to its main generating market (Finland) will make short breaks of a few days the more likely way of visiting this Baltic country. endstream endobj startxref These characteristics drive the demand for reliable and harmonised statistics within this field, as well as within the wider context of regional policy and sustainable development policy areas. ��n4D�Gp�a�F�8��w&Ì������w_uÌ3g���9�s�^^իz�޻���|n5 � ZA��ISs��8��O���5F��/�}�m=�=���� K&wZm. Three types of tourism flows can be distinguished: domestic tourism (persons making tourism trips within their country of residence), outbound tourism and inbound tourism. Czechia and Austria were the only EU destinations to which tourists from other EU countries made more trips during a winter month (December and February respectively) than in any other month of the year (see Figure 6). z Q��b���1���%����*R 9�6lO�2Y�C7d��,���:Tm�թ'�l /π_T?�f�ua��4�̉�!�Ȇϧ�G����C�EP�a�n�aP��|)�1�D���"�b� +}l�1z1'%;�L#B��SAq)ed��Q�ϛ+�Vlr�z4I5��9L���ߌhmCK���?+j�q��f-J3��0�g!ZHf�V���#`���tr�� C�c��xj������Fsܜ���j��־�0ky��#����b^��}'����f����ᅷ�.�6���Au ut�-� �5� endstream endobj 123 0 obj <>>> endobj 124 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 125 0 obj <>stream Inbound visitors coming from other EU Member States spent on average EUR 725 (see Figure 2), ranging from EUR 237 in Slovakia (a country with many short trips – see also Figure 1 – by tourists from neighbouring countries) to EUR 1 154 in Greece, followed by Cyprus (EUR 1 152) and Spain (EUR 1 016). The Tourism Flows Model (TFM), funded by the Ministry of Tourism, is a software tool developed by Covec Limited and Eagle Technology that responds to these needs. Explaining tourism flows The tourism-demand model has prevailed in the literature as the appropriate modeling framework to estimate the international tourist trade between two or several pairs of countries (Askari, 1971, Barry and O’Hagan, 1972, Crouch, 1994a, Lim, 1997, Morley, 1998, Sinclair, 1998, Witt et al., 1994). Existing information on outbound trips made by residents of the EU to estimate inbound tourism flows within the EU has been re-used for this article. Residents of the EU made 240 million tourism trips of at least one overnight stay to destinations in another EU Member State in 2018. In 2018, 79 % of all inbound trips in the EU made by residents from other EU countries had a tourist accommodation establishment as the only or main means of accommodation, mainly hotels or similar establishments (55 %) . 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