199 Management of phytoplasma-associated diseases W. Jarausch, E. Torres 209 “Stolbur” phytoplasma strains in Austria and their association with grapevine, bindweed, stinging nettle and Hyalesthes obsoletus G. Brader, A. Aryan, J Mörtel, M. Pastar, Not affiliated The use of phytoplasma-resistant host plants and of phytoplasma-free material for new plantings could represent a starting point for phytoplasma disease management. book series testing the suitability of selected vegetable and native Hawaiian plants as food sources and oviposition hosts for the insect. Our work on this disease, identifying the phytoplasma that causes it, and determining some of the transmission characteristics of the insect that is the vector of the phytoplasma, has allowed us to make recommendations for disease control that have enabled watercress farmers to regain The insect colonies that we have established will enable us to address specific questions regarding the details of pathogen transmission to various crops by this insect.Publications, Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03OutputsThe phytoplasma that causes a new disease of watercress has been identified and the incidence of disease on several large farms on Oahu has been monitored during this period. This book will focus on detection and prevention of phytoplasma diseases in field and horticultural crops grown in the tropical belt. The book will review current prevention methods used in small and large-scale farms, and present research results aiming at developing sustainable management of phytoplasma diseases in the tropics. Managing Phytoplasma Disease in Plants. We will work with the growers and other researchers to examine and implement these control strategies based on an integrated pest management approach. The observation of the disease progress on these farms has provided us with the ability to formulate options for controlling the spread of this disease in watercress. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29650-6, Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection, The CpnClassiPhyR Facilitates Phytoplasma Classification and Taxonomy Using cpn60 Universal Target Sequences, Epidemiology of Non-culturable Phloem-Limited Pathogens of Citrus; Case Study Phytoplasma, Occurrence and Distribution of Phytoplasma Diseases in Iran, Diversity of Phytoplasmas in Cuba, Their Geographic Isolation and Potential Development of Management Strategies, Integrated Management of Napier Grass Stunt Disease in East Africa, Mineral and Plant Oils as Management Tools to Control Insect Vectors of Phytoplasmas, Management of Phytoplasmas in Urban Trees, The Resistance of Jujube Trees to Jujube Witches’ Broom Disease in China, Integrated Management of Coconut Lethal Yellowing Phytoplasma Disease in Mozambique: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives, Impact and Management of Major Phytoplasma Diseases in Brazil. (SUPP, volume 12), Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. different plant species.ImpactsThe identification of the causal agent of watercress yellows has been the major step in devising control strategies to limit the spread of this disease on watercress farms in Hawaii. With 160+ countries and islands, the tropical belt is the geographical region centered on the equator and limited by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Our analyses of these genes has revealed that the watercress phytoplasma is probably most closely related to the Aster Yellows-type phytoplasma that They are emerging diseases and are difficult to control, mostly because their epidemiology is not known. Not logged in Tropical agricultural production is mostly for local consumption but cash crops are also present. Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/05OutputsThe incidence of the phytoplasma disease of watercress that has been affecting farms on Oahu since 2001 has decreased markedly over the last year, due to continued efforts by farmers to eliminate infected symptomatic plants, and to control populations of the insect vector, Macrosteles sp., in their fields. This information is helpful to reduce and localize the pesticide application against the insect vector Buy Integrated Management of Diseases Caused by Fungi, Phytoplasma and Bacteria (Integrated Management of Plant Pests and Diseases) by Ciancio, Aurelio, Mukerji, K.G. We now have established colonies of this vector on plant hosts other than watercress on which they are able to complete their lifecycle, and have begun using these colonies to conduct controlled transmission tests of the pathogen to Phytoplasma diseases in crop plants are usually controlled by rouging of diseased plants, by insect vector control, and by the use of phytoplasma-free planting material for vegetatively propagated crops. The recommendations that we have provided watercress farmers have allowed them to begin to reclaim the production levels that they were achieving before the introduction of this pathogen and its insect vector into the state. The watercress farmers on Oahu are aware of the problem this disease presents and of the most efficient ways to protect their farms from this threat. Management of phytoplasmas in potatoes is primarily accomplished by controlling the vectors. This starts with good weed removal practices and clearing brush that can host insect vectors. to achieve an effective disease control, with the lowest environmental impact, it is necessary to elucidate the FD strain once the phytoplasma is detected in a new or in infected areas after some years from an epidemic areas outbreak. All of the watercress farmers on Oahu are now aware of the problem this disease presents and of the most efficient ways to protect their farms from this threat. Phytoplasma diseases are associated by bacteria-like pathogens living in plant sap and spread by sap-feeding insects. We are still conducting experiments using laboratory-reared Macrosteles sp. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available, Part of the We have tested a variety of PCR primer-pairs for their ability to detect the presence of the pathogen in a variety of plants and have determined the relative sensitivities of these primer-pairs for detection of low levels of infection in various plants. The book will review current prevention methods used in small and large-scale farms, and present research results aiming at developing sustainable management of phytoplasma diseases in the tropics. We have identified the phytoplasma as an Aster Yellows strain most closely related to the Onion Yellows phytoplasma in Asia, but it is also closely related to the phytoplasma that causes Severe Aster Yellows in western North America. Free UK delivery on eligible orders. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. We are completing work on the host range of the insect vector, Macrosteles sp. We are in the process of testing selected host plants for their ability to be infected by the phytoplasma under controlled conditions in the laboratory.ImpactsThe identification of the causal agent of watercress yellows has been the major step in devising control strategies to limit the spread of this disease on watercress farms in Hawaii. Tropical agriculture is characterized by a significant lack of capital in research and agricultural systems and by a high prevalence of insect pests and diseases. The incidence of yellows disease caused by this phytoplasma on watercress farms on Oahu has decreased markedly over the last year, due to continued efforts by farmers to rogue out infected, symptomatic plants, and to control the population of the insect vector, Macrosteles sp., in their fields. We have completed work on the host range of the insect vector, Macrosteles sp., testing the suitability of selected vegetable and native Hawaiian plants as food sources and oviposition hosts for the insect. Sequence analysis of both the Rp and Tuf genes has been used to further classify phytoplasmas of the Aster Yellows group throughout the world. to transmit the phytoplasma to various hosts under controlled conditions in the laboratory, and to examine the effects of the phytoplasma on this insect vector.ImpactsOur work has enabled the watercress farmers of Oahu to successfully manage the yellows disease of watercress caused by a phytoplasma newly introduced into the state. Bacteria in one plant can also spread to other plants, so often removal of an infected plant is necessary to contain the contagion. Further characterization of the phytoplasma infecting watercress in Hawaii has included the cloning and sequencing of the Rp and Tuf genes in addition to the cloning and sequencing of the 16S/SR/23S ribosomal DNA genes previously characterized.