Jul-Aug 1961;65A(4):283-288. doi: 10.6028/jres.065A.033. Conformational dynamics of Rouse chains during creep/recovery processes: a review. Karayiannis, Sathish K. Sukumaran. However, the increased anisotropy does not necessarily herald an increase in tensile modulus. The silk spinning process in Nature may be macroscopically akin to extrusion, for example at the start of web frame construction (Foelix 1982) or during the production of strands on which spiders disperse by ballooning (Decae 1987). Fig. Birefringence image and x-ray topograph image of same region of the type-Ib diamond. Example of the splitting of a vector soliton into two single-component solitons under the action of a periodically modulated birefringence, as predicted by simulations of eqs. Users are Zero-Birefringence Composition and Orientation Birefringence of PMMA/PVB Blends. These proportions are called the stress-optic coefficients and are a property of the material type. However, the birefringence image is not good at obtaining depth direction information because it measures integrated phase shift amounts through the sample, in addition, the depth resolution of an optical microscope is not enough for the depth profile imaging because the typical sample thickness is about several mm. Role of chain connectivity in viscoelastic properties of polymeric liquids: A review. Side Chain Length Dependence on Dynamical Stiffness of Main Chain. This component of birefringence increase is temporary and recoverable. Birefringence or double refraction, which is exhibited by many optical crystals, occurs when a ray of light passing through a material experiences two refractive indices. This second piece of polarizing material is known as the analyzer. In the latter case, spinning and drawing occur consecutively, while in the former case these two processes occur simultaneously. On the other hand, the observation area is limited compared with XRT image because an object lens of high power is necessary for the single dislocation analysis. The chains in the remaining crystalline regions, as well as the chains that previously belonged to crystalline material, become more highly aligned, which also increases birefringence. In contrast to the methods conventionally employed to maximise stiffness in synthetic polymers, it appears that silk analogues should not be post-spin drawn. Electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Reliability of intrinsic birefringence estimated via the modified stress-optical rule. Hiroshi Watanabe, Yumi Matsumiya, Tadashi Inoue. Amorphous material aligns, again increasing birefringence. The accuracy with which the positions of the minima are predicted by eqs. Chain dynamics of concentrated polystyrene solutions studied by depolarized photon-correlation and viscosity measurements. Fig. A rheo-optical study on the linear viscoelasticity and molecular dynamics of block copolymer solutions forming hexagonal close-packed cylindrical domains. Stress birefringence. You’ve supercharged your research process with ACS and Mendeley! The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Comment on “Birefringence in the Softening Zone”. Relationship between Viscoelastic Relaxation Function and Segmental Displacement Function for Entangled Linear Chain in Early Stage of the Tube Dilation Process. Takumi Kojo, Akihiro Tagaya, Yasuhiro Koike. Information. 1. A Rheo-Optical Study on Polystyrene under Large Tensile Deformation around the Glass Transition Temperature. T. Shahid, Q. Huang, F. Oosterlinck, C. Clasen, E. van Ruymbeke. Jun-ichi Horinaka, Yurina Ishibashi, Toshikazu Takigawa. The Significance of the Rouse Segment:  Its Concentration Dependence. Structural and mechanical characterization of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and sulfonated PEEK films: Effects of thermal history, sulfonation, and preparation conditions. Shogo Nobukawa, Osamu Urakawa, Toshiyuki Shikata and Tadashi Inoue. Fig. A polarizer is a device which is designed so that one of these components is totally absorbed (or internally reflected in the case of a Nicol prism). Files available from the ACS website may be downloaded for personal use only. The value of birefringence exibited by the aligned chains in (a) is increased if the molecules undergo random longitudinal displacements which disrupt the interchain or secondary bonding (b). Eui Jeong Hwang, Tadashi Inoue, Kunihiro Osaki. Equation (5.11) simply states the unitary condition for the Jones matrix M(ω). Dynamic measurement of stress optical behavior of three amorphous polymers. Electric Birefringence of Polystyrene around the Glass Transition Zone. Lv 7. Tadashi Inoue, Atsushi Matsumoto, and Kenji Nakamura . Rheological Characterization of Polymeric Liquids. On the other hand, adding nucleating agents may lead to lower modulus because of lower molecular orientation, in spite of higher degree of crystallinity. Soichiro Nagase, Koki Miyama, Akikazu Matsumoto. Manlio Tassieri, Jorge Ramírez, Nikos Ch. Closely spaced color bands represent components with higher strain gradients. The polymer illustrated in Figure 1(c) interacts with light in yet another way since it is amorphous and devoid of any recognizable crystalline structure. A white arrow indicates the contrast of the dislocation and the area surrounded by a dotted line is a scratch on the sample surface. Polymer 1997 , 38 (5) , 1029-1034. Kunihiro Osaki, Tadashi Inoue, Eui-Jeong Hwang, Hirotaka Okamoto, Osamu Takiguchi. Post-spin plastic strain enhances microstructural and therefore optical anisotropy, some of which is preserved. Computational and Theoretical Polymer Science. Dynamical rigidity of cellulose derivatives in melts. Figure 4.1.14. James Carriere, ... Robert Anderson, in Progress in Optics, 2000. Typically polycarbonate has a vertical birefringence of about 5 × 10‒4 (fig. Due to the asymmetric orientation of the polymer molecules in the substrate plane, the refractive index in the track direction (nt) is higher than that in the vertical direction (nz). Voigt found in 1905 that a magnetic field may also induce birefringence for a plane-polarized light beam passing through a crystal in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. eqs. Hiroshi Iwawaki, Tadashi Inoue, and Yo Nakamura . In the case of a focused beam, there is some nonzero z component of polarization due to the bending of the rays by the lens. Residual birefringence of amorphous polymers for optical‐disk substrates. Figure 4.1.15. (A) Birefringence image (B) Raman peak shift mapping (diamond line) (C) One Raman spectrum of diamond line with plasma line. Evaluation methods of the longest Rouse relaxation time of an entangled polymer in a semidilute solution. Several different types of resonance between the internal vibrations of the vector soliton and the periodic modulation of the birefringence are possible. Role of Stress-optical Rule in Rheo-optics. Entanglement relaxation of poly(1-butene) and its copolymer with ethylene detected in conventional shear rheometer and quartz resonator. , Toshiyuki Shikata, Tadashi Inoue hundred μm2 Optics, 2000 in Dielectric Phenomena in solids,.. Polystyrene side chains with only your ACS ID befor you can login with your Mendeley library, Jeong! Birefringence than polycarbonate, about Δn⊥ = 1.69 × birefringence amorphous material, and Hiroshi Watanabe between polymer Segments and molecules... Value εcr of iPP fibres most strongly contributes with amorphous orientation F. Hahn, Deidre A.,... 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